Choosing the right Olive Tree
Choosing the right olive tree variety can feel overwhelming given the range of options available, from compact container specimens to ancient gnarled giants. Each variety brings different characteristics—cold hardiness, growth habit, fruiting potential, and aesthetic appeal—making some more suitable for your specific needs than others. Whether you’re seeking a reliable fruiting variety, a sculptural focal point, or a compact tree for a small space, understanding the differences between varieties will help you make an informed choice. This section guides you through the various types of olive trees available in the UK market, helping you select the perfect specimen for your garden, climate, and gardening goals.
Which olive tree varieties are most cold-hardy for the UK?
‘Frantoio’, ‘Leccino’, ‘Maurino’, and ‘Pendolino’ are among the hardiest, tolerating temperatures down to -12°C to -15°C. ‘Arbequina’ is also popular and reasonably hardy to -10°C. For maximum cold tolerance, consider ‘Cipressino’ or ‘Koroneiki’. Always check the specific hardiness rating when purchasing.
What’s the difference between ornamental and fruiting olive trees?
All olive trees can fruit given the right conditions, but “ornamental” typically refers to trees sold primarily for aesthetic appeal, often younger or shaped decoratively. “Fruiting” varieties are selected for reliable crop production in specific climates. In the UK, even fruiting varieties are often grown ornamentally due to our cooler climate.
Do I need more than one olive tree for fruit production?
Most olive varieties are self-fertile and will produce fruit alone, though yields improve with cross-pollination from another variety. If fruit production is your goal, planting two different varieties can increase your harvest significantly. For purely ornamental purposes, one tree is sufficient.
What’s the best variety for container growing?
‘Arbequina’ is excellent for containers, staying relatively compact with attractive, small leaves. ‘Koroneiki’ also suits pot culture well. Consider dwarf or slow-growing varieties for long-term container culture. Any variety can be container-grown if pruned regularly, but naturally smaller trees require less maintenance.
Which varieties produce the best olives for oil?
‘Frantoio’, ‘Leccino’, and ‘Koroneiki’ are renowned oil-producing varieties. ‘Arbequina’ produces mild, fruity oil. However, in the UK climate, achieving sufficient harvest for home oil production is challenging and requires multiple mature trees. Most UK growers enjoy olives as a garden feature with occasional small harvests for table olives.
What are standard, multi-stem, and twisted stem olive trees?
Standard olive trees have a single clear trunk with a rounded canopy on top, formal and elegant. Multi-stem trees have several trunks from the base, creating a bushier, more natural look. Twisted stem (or “contorted”) trees feature gnarled, artistic trunks, offering instant character and appearing aged even when relatively young.
How do I choose the right size tree to buy?
Consider your space, budget, and patience. Small trees (60-90cm) are economical and enjoyable to grow, but take years to mature. Medium trees (120-150cm) offer immediate presence at a reasonable cost. Large specimens (180cm+) provide instant impact but are expensive and require more effort to establish. Match size to your garden scale.
Are there dwarf olive tree varieties?
While there are no true genetic dwarf olives, varieties like ‘Little Ollie’ stay naturally compact (under 2 metres) and are essentially non-fruiting. ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Koroneiki’ can be kept small through pruning. Any olive can be maintained as a dwarf through container restriction and regular pruning, making them versatile for small spaces.
What does “established” or “mature” mean when buying an olive tree?
An “established” tree has been growing in its current container for at least one season with a strong root system. “Mature” typically refers to trees 5+ years old that may fruit soon. Age doesn’t always correlate with size in container-grown olives. Look for healthy foliage, thick trunks, and well-developed branching structure regardless of age claims.
Can I buy ancient or centuries-old olive trees?
Yes, imported ancient olive trees (often 100-500+ years old) are available but extremely expensive (£1,000-£10,000+). These offer instant grandeur and character but require expert planting, specialist care, and import permits. They’re investment pieces for statement gardens. Most homeowners find younger trees more practical and rewarding to nurture.