Planting Olive Trees
Getting your olive tree off to the right start begins with choosing the perfect location and planting it correctly. The decisions you make in these early stages—where to position your tree, whether to plant in the ground or keep it in a container, and how to prepare the planting site—will significantly impact its long-term health and performance. Olive trees can be forgiving, but they do have specific preferences, particularly when it comes to sunlight, shelter, and drainage. This section covers everything from selecting the ideal spot in your garden to the practical considerations of planting and establishment, ensuring your olive tree has the best possible foundation for decades of growth.
What’s the best time to plant an olive tree?
Plant olive trees in late spring (April-May) after the last frost, giving them the growing season to establish before winter. Early autumn (September) is also suitable in milder regions. Avoid planting in winter when the ground is cold and wet, or in midsummer when trees are stressed by heat.
Should I plant my olive tree in the ground or keep it in a container?
Both options work well in the UK. Containers offer flexibility to move trees to shelter in winter and are ideal for patios and small gardens. Ground planting suits milder regions (south/southwest England, coastal areas) and provides better long-term growth. Consider your local climate and available protection when deciding.
How do I choose the right location for my olive tree?
Select the warmest, sunniest spot in your garden with maximum shelter from cold winds. South or southwest-facing locations against walls are ideal as they provide reflected heat and winter protection. Avoid frost pockets, shaded areas, and exposed positions. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.
What size container do I need for an olive tree?
Start with a pot at least 10-15cm wider than the root ball. Mature trees need containers 45-60cm in diameter. Terracotta pots are excellent as they’re heavy (providing stability), breathable, and help regulate moisture. Ensure pots have adequate drainage holes and use pot feet to prevent waterlogging.
How deep should I plant my olive tree?
Plant at the same depth as the tree was in its original pot; the root flare should be just above soil level. Planting too deeply can cause root rot and collar rot. For ground planting, ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper than necessary.
Can I plant multiple olive trees together?
Yes, you can plant multiple trees for visual impact or to increase cross-pollination (though most olives are self-fertile). Space trees at least 3-4 metres apart for ground planting, or group different-sized containers for an attractive display. Different varieties planted together can improve the fruit set.
Do olive trees need staking?
Young or newly planted olive trees benefit from staking for the first 1-2 years to prevent wind damage and encourage straight growth. Use a sturdy stake driven at an angle away from the root ball, attached with flexible tree ties. Remove stakes once the tree is established to encourage natural trunk strength.
Can I move an established olive tree?
Container-grown olives are easily moved, though large specimens are heavy. Ground-planted trees can be moved when dormant (winter), but it’s challenging and stressful for the tree. Prepare the new location thoroughly, dig a wide root ball, and expect some setbacks. Trees under 5 years old transplant more successfully.
What spacing do I need between an olive tree and my house?
Plant at least 2-3 metres from buildings to allow for mature canopy spread and prevent foundation issues, though olive tree roots are less aggressive than many species. Consider mature height when planting near power lines. Container trees can be positioned closer as they remain smaller and are movable.
Are olive trees suitable for small gardens or balconies?
Absolutely! Olive trees are excellent for small spaces when grown in containers. Choose compact varieties or standards with contained canopies. They can be kept at manageable sizes through regular pruning. Dwarf varieties remain under 2 metres tall, perfect for balconies and courtyards that receive adequate sunlight.